Understanding and assessment menthods of occupational burnout syndrome / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Background@#As the trend of pharmaceutical care around the world shifts to client-centered care, there is a need for new pharmacists to improve their knowledge and skills, learn psychological skills, provide customers with health education, and improve the rational use of drugs and pharmacological services.@*Objective@#This study is based on the fact that no research has been conducted in Mongolia on factors that affect burnout syndrome and social-psychology of pharmacists.@*Literature review@#The following are internationally accepted methods of assessing sociopsychological risks to determine the socio-psychological factors associated with the work and occupation of workers and their impact on health and safety. These include:</br> Burnout Measue-BM, 1981 (Pines & Aronson 1988). A method of measuring burnout, physical and emotional fatigue, and mental exhaustion. (Bazarragchaa, 2020) </br> The Copenhagen Psychosociol Questionnaire COPSOQ (Christenson et al. 2005) focuses on socio-psychological factors, stress, personal health, well-being and individual factors (style, sense of mutual understanding, etc.). </br> The Copenhagen Burnout Inverntory (CBI, 2005) examines fatigue, exhaustion, and work-related burnout as well as customer-related burnout.@*Conclusion@#There are more than 40 definitions of “Burnout syndrome”. The “Maslach Burnout Inventory” has become the “Gold standard” for assessing the burnout of service workers. The Copenhagen Burnout Inverntory (CBI, 2005) studies fatigue, exhaustion, and individual, work-related and customer-related burnout.

Major types and prevalence of developmental disabilities in children aged 0-14 / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Introduction@#Children with disabilities are at greater risk of childhood developmental delays, yet often excluded from the public child development services and programs⁴. The Convention on the Rights of the Child⁵ (UNCRC) and The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities⁶ (CRPD) points out that children with disabilities have the same rights as every child, such as access to health care, nutrition, education, equal participation in society, and protection from violence and neglect⁷.@*Objective@#To study the types and prevalence of predominant disabilities of Mongolian in young children@*Materials and methods@#Predominant types, prevalence and proportion of children with disabilities aged 0-14 years are as of 2019 generated from Report of the National Center for Rehabilitation and Development for period 2017-2020, Report of the National Statistical Office of the disabled for period 2019-2020 and Report for Issues of people with disability: Policies and activities Information directory Center, Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare, for period 2017-2020.@*Result and conclusionchildren; disabilities; prevalence@#As of 2019, there are 8981 (8.4%) children with disabilities aged 0-14 in Mongolia, of which 7075 (78.8%) have congenital disabilities and 1906 (21.2%) have acquired disabilities. By age group, the prevalence of congenital disabilities is 78.2% higher among children aged 0-14. Of these, 1,790 children have lost their ability to function on a daily activity due to a congenital disease, 1474 children with congenital physical disabilities, 1368 children with mental and intellectual disabilities, 749 children with co-morbidities, 741 children with visual impairments, 573 children with speech disabilities and 380 children with hearing impairments.

Comparison study of number of bones in human body of traditional and modern medicine / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Background@#During the historical development of traditional medicine, many books and manuscripts have been written in Mongolian medicine. The main textbook of traditional medicine states that: “The size of a bone consists of 23 bone species, 28 spinal joints, 24 ribs, 32 teeth, and 360 pieces of bone.”</br> However, modern medicine estimates that the human body has 206 bones. Therefore, this topic was chosen to study the source material of traditional medicine, including the structure of the human body, and the number of bones in the modern medical anatomy textbook.@*Purpose@#Details of the number of bones in the human body in the “Four Medical Tantras” (རྒྱུད་བཞི) of traditional medicine and its commentary, as well as compare with the number of bones in the basic textbook of anatomy of modern medicine. @*Objectives@#In order to successfully implement the research objectives, the following objectives will be implemented. These include: </br> 1. Sampling and analyzing number of bones from traditional medicine; </br> 2. Sampling and analyzing bone numbers from modern medical textbooks; </br> 3. Compare the names and numbers of bones in traditional medicine and modern medicine @*Results@#The number, classification and features of human bones were analyzed from the main scriptures of traditional medicine such as “Explanatory Tantra”, of the “Four Medical Tantras” and the “Legs bshad gser gyi thur ma” by Blo-bzang-chos-grags. In addition, the number of bones in the human body was sampled from modern medical textbooks and prepared for comparison. The number and characteristics of bones in the human body were compared by traditional medicine and modern medicine and made a conclusion. </br> This study reveals that the foundations for the integrated development of traditional medicine were laid long ago in Mongolian medicine. In addition, to highlight the book “Four Medical Tantras”, which is the basis of the textbook on the structure of the human body and the research work of scientists and scholars, which is considered in Mongolian mamba datsan’s contribution to the science of human anatomy. The importance of this research is to change the extremes of Western medicine and traditional medicine and increase opportunities to use its introduction and development into training and clinical practice. @*Conclusion@#</br>1. The main creature of body structure in traditional medicine is the “Four Medical Tantras” which generally assumes that the numbers of bones are 360 but does not specify it in detail. During the research, we identified 357 bone names to identify each bone. The names and locations of the three bones were not clearly marked in the medical sources. </br>2. The numbers of bones are 206 in modern medical textbooks. We recalculated 151 bones based on traditional medical sources without duplication of that. </br>3. Compared to traditional medicine and modern medicine, the number of bones and are higher than 154 bone names in traditional medicine because we included the number of teeth, small bones in the ears and small bones in the fingers and toes. Some cartilage was also counted as bones.

The result of the changes of the work-related stress of physicians and nurses with the critical ill patient units / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Background@#The career and work of medical workers are considered to be the occupation of the highly responsible job of the worldwide. @*Goal@#To identify the percentage of the work-related stress, the burnout, and the symptoms of work-related stress of the physicians and nurses who is working at the critical and intensive care units of UB hospitals. @*Materials and methodology@#The survey was done by quantitative methods and cross sectional design. The study data was collected using the validated questionnaire for the work related stress. The results of the study were analyzed by the Microsoft Excel and SPSS 20 program. @*Results@#The response rate was 97.3% The study found that 78.7% of respondents reported having regular stress; and 89.4% of all participants in the survey had a personal burnout, 90.4% had work-related burnout and 94.5% had a high level of client-related burnout.</br> Physical symptoms include the insomnia 76.7%; psychological symptoms - the headaches 65%; behavioral symptoms as like forgetfulness and annoyance 53.3%; cognitive symptoms as like an increase in sick days or absenteeism by 40% for all physicians and nurses.